Which property of GFP can be altered through modifications for specific applications?

The correct choice highlights the fact that the color of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) can indeed be altered through various biochemical modifications. Different variants of GFP have been developed that emit fluorescence at different wavelengths, which allows for a spectrum of colors from blue to red depending on the specific modifications made to the protein’s structure. These alterations are typically achieved through genetic engineering techniques, where changes in the amino acid sequence can create new chromophores or modify existing ones.

This flexibility in color manipulation makes GFP extremely useful in molecular biology and biochemistry, as it enables researchers to utilize multiple fluorescent markers in a single experiment for parallel tracking of different proteins or cellular processes. By incorporating variations of GFP with distinct emission spectra, scientists gain the ability to label and visualize multiple targets within a biological system.

While viscosity, molecular weight, and solubility are important properties that can affect the behavior of proteins, they are not as easily modified for application-specific purposes as the color of GFP. Adjusting these properties can be more challenging and often does not have the same direct application in fluorescent tagging.