How is a chromatography column typically structured?

A chromatography column is designed to separate components of a mixture based on their interactions with the stationary phase and the mobile phase during the chromatographic process. The correct option states that a chromatography column is typically filled with microscopic spherical beads, which serve as the stationary phase.

These beads can be made from various materials, such as silica or polymer, and have specific surface characteristics that influence the separation of different molecules. The size and surface properties of the beads are crucial as they determine the interaction between the target substances and the stationary phase, allowing for effective separation based on size, charge, or affinity.

This structure is essential for the chromatography technique to function properly, as the beads provide a large surface area for the interaction between the mobile phase (which carries the sample) and the stationary phase (the beads). The flow of the mobile phase facilitates the movement of the components through the column, leading to their eventual separation as they travel at different rates.

In contrast to the correct answer, using liquid solvents is not a typical structure for chromatography columns; rather, solvents are the mobile phase that moves through the column. Glass is sometimes used to construct chromatography columns, but this does not define their primary structure. Lastly, filling a column with bacterial culture would not be suitable for chromat