Describe a common application of GFP in neuroscience.

The use of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in neuroscience primarily focuses on visualizing neuronal pathways and activity in live animals. By tagging neurons with GFP, researchers can observe the structure and function of the nervous system in real time. This is particularly valuable because it allows for the examination of not only the morphology of neurons but also the dynamics of synaptic activity and the interactions between different types of neurons.

GFP’s fluorescence enables scientists to see how neurons connect to each other, follow the growth of neuronal processes, and assess functional changes in neural activity. For example, scientists can utilize advanced imaging techniques such as two-photon microscopy to monitor calcium influx in neurons expressing GFP. This real-time observation can reveal insights into how neurons communicate and respond to different stimuli, which is critical for understanding brain function, development, and plasticity.

In contrast to other listed options, which may involve indirect measures of neuronal activity or focus on non-imaging-related functions of neurons, visualizing neuronal pathways and activity is a direct and powerful application of GFP in neuroscience.